Organization of chromatin in diseases, development, and evolution: Nucleome 4D Project

Knowledge of cell biology has been improved as the cell components became discovered. This paper aims to describe the advances in the knowledge of chromatin architecture in the nucleus and how this architecture is crucial in gene regulation. The fact that chromosomal territories are not randomly distributed, that their radial distribution within the nucleus depends on the density and function of the active genes at a given time, and that the topological association domains are key in the expression of genes, explains the involvement of chromatin architecture in the onset of some diseases and their impact on both, the organism development, and the evolution. By adding time as a variable, the nucleome 4D project aims to analyse the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus in space and time.