Stresses in bent inconel tubes

Stresses in the bend region of steam generator tubes are categorized as load induced and residual. Load induced stresses result from the applied pressure and differential temperatures in the steam generator. Residual stresses result from the forming and bending operations performed on the tubes during the manufacturing process. The magnitude and distribution of load induced stresses in the short radium U-bend tubes are examined. Although no attempt has been made to calculate residual stress patterns, a discussion of the formation of residual stresses is presented