Questions raised by nuclear energy for human and social sciences

As nuclear energy is a social-technical object, and as the implementation of a nuclear programme is not only a technological, but also a political, societal, geopolitical, legal, anthropological, and ethical challenge which cannot be reduced to a technical and scientific approach, the author discusses how human and social sciences are able to shed a light over controversies concerning nuclear energy. He also discusses the implications in terms of evolutions of nuclear governance in territories, and briefly addresses what the business model and scales could be for tomorrow's nuclear. In the next part, the author considers the nuclear R and D and innovation and discusses how they can be organised and managed, notably in terms of knowledge management