MR imaging of experimentally induced intracranial hemorrhage in rabbits during the first 6 hours

Purpose: To evaluate the MR appearance of intracranial, especially intraparenchymal, hemorrhage during the first 6 hours after bleeding with various pulse sequences in an animal model. Material and methods: Intracerebral hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage were created by injecting autologous blood in 9 rabbits. MR studies were performed using a 1.5 T scanner with pixel size and slice thickness comparable to those used in clinical practice before blood injection, immediately after injection, and at regular intervals during 6 hours. The images were compared with the hematoma sizes on formalin-fixed brain slices. Results: In every animal, susceptibility-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) pulse sequences depicted the intraparenchymal hematomas and blood escape in the ventricles or subarachnoid space best as areas of sharply defined, strong hypointensity. The findings remained essentially unchanged during follow-up. The sizes corresponded well to the post-mortem findings. Gradient- and spin-echo (GRASE) imaging revealed some hypointensities, but these were smaller and less well defined. Spin-echo (SE) sequences (proton density-, T1- and T2-weighted) as well as a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery turbo spin-echo sequence (fast FLAIR) depicted the hemorrhage sites as mostly isointense to brain. Conclusion: Susceptibility-weighted GRE imaging at 1.5 T is highly sensitive to both hyperacute hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma and to subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage. (orig.)