Electron beam collimation with focused and curved leaf end MLCs--Experimental verification of Monte Carlo optimized designs

In general, electron beams from conventional accelerators using applicators with lead alloy inserts are not suitable for advanced conformal radiation therapy. However, interesting electron treatments have been demonstrated on a few advanced accelerators. These accelerators have been equipped with helium filled treatment heads and computer controlled MLCs that produce clinically useful energy modulated electron beams or mixed photon electron beams in an automated sequence. This study analyzes the characteristics of different MLC designs, curved and focused leaf ends in helium filled treatment heads, with respect to their effect on electron beams. In addition, this study analyzes the effects that different treatment head designs have on the output factor due to collimator scattering and shielding of secondary sources during treatment. The investigation of the different treatment head designs was performed with the Monte Carlo package BEAM and was verified by experimental methods. The results show that the difference between curved leaf ends and focused ends is negligible in most practical cases. The results also show the importance of scattering foil optimization in the optimization of parameters such as penumbra, virtual source position, and in the reduction of the output variation. In all cases, the experimental data verifies the calculations