Removal of radionuclides from process streams, a series of applications

The extensive research performed on metal oxide adsorption, the adsorption phenomena and physical conditions of cationic adsorption on manganese dioxide in solution have demonstrated that above pH 3 cations are adsorbed by an order of affinity, and that the interaction is characterized by the pH dependence of the metal. The relationship of the zero point charge of pH and the solution ionic strength effects on interfacial surface potential and adsorption have been addressed. A system to produce MnO2 fiber with a heavy MnO2 loading was designed, constructed, and operated successfully. Extensive testing has been performed on the adsorption of radium, calcium, cadmium, cesium, cobalt, iron, and manganese on MnO2 fiber. This testing entailed field work utilizing bleed stream tests of MnO2 fiber cartridges and tests of loose MnO2 fiber and resin in columns. Radium removal amounted to a level of 36.9 nanocuries per gram MnO2, or 2 microcuries on a single 10 inch MnO2 fiber filter element. Removal of metals from solutions was demonstrated at various rates specific for each metal tested. The order of affinity of those metals tested and the combined effects of electrolytic solutions was compared to previous research. The analysis of radium in water was performed using a highly modified procedure which is included to specify the exact steps of the analytical method followed. This method has introduced innovations in equipment, technique, and the use of reagents. Results of a comparison of MnO2 fiber to commercial water treatment media for the removal of cobalt and cesium is presented