Anomalous viscosity due to drift wave turbulence

Anomalous ion, electron viscosities and off-diagonal elements of transport matrix in the presence of low frequency microturbulence are calculated. Quasilinear theory is used in the electrostatic limit. Symmetric matrix is obtained including the off-diagonal terms. The electron and ion components in transport matrix apparently decouple in the drift wave approximation. Particle, momentum and energy fluxes are presented in terms of three thermodynamical forces, where the gradient of parallel flow is included. Particle and energy fluxes are driven by density gradient, temperature gradient, radial electric field and convection due to the fluctuations. Anomalous electron viscosity is found to be very small. Ion anomalous viscosity, heat conductivity and off-diagonal elements are comparable to the coefficients for electrons. The transport equations of ions show that off-diagonal element reduces the heat conductivity and even causes the anomalous heat pinch effect. Anomalous viscosity gives rise to additional heating on ions due to viscous damping. (author)