Legacy and current-use flame retardants in house dust from Vancouver, Canada

Fifteen polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and eighteen non-PBDEs were measured in 116 dust samples collected from homes in Vancouver, Canada during 2007–2008 as part of the Chemicals Health and Pregnancy (CHirP) study. The highest concentrations of PBDEs in house dust were observed for BDE 209, with a median concentration of 1350 ng/g. This is about two times greater than the median concentration of the PentaBDE (represented by the most abundant compounds in this formulation, ΣBDE 47, 99 and 100). In the case of non-PBDE FRs, a detection frequency between 81% and 100% was observed for nine analytes including: HBCD, BTBPE, BEHTBP, EHTBB, HBB, PBTO, PBBe, ATE and DP. The high detection of new FRs in indoor environments reflects their ubiquitous presence in indoor environment due to regulation of the PBDEs. Exposure to FRs are estimated based on these data for adults and toddlers. - Highlights: ► PBDE and new flame retardants are measured in 116 dust samples from Vancouver. ► House dusts are dominated by BDE-209. ► Nine of the non-PBDE flame retardants are detected with high frequency. ► human exposure to FRs is evaluated. - The ban of the Penta and Octa PBDE flame retardant (FR) formulations led to the broad use of alternative (non-PBDEs) FRs. New information is presented on levels of PBDEs and non-PBDEs in house dust samples collected from Vancouver, Canada.