Radioactive contamination of the environment and capabilities of modern radiochemistry in the field of radioactive waste burial and monitoring

Investigation of the environmental contamination generated by humankind activity and, mainly radionuclides contamination, is one of the main scientific issue arisen for the modern science. Radioecological monitoring and decisions made for rehabilitation of contaminated areas require for detailed information and knowledge about distribution, existing forms and dynamic of radionuclides migration in above-ground and water ecosystems.There is consideration of different sources of radionuclides emission in the environment, including underground and above-ground nuclear and thermonuclear weapon testing, enterprises activity involving nuclear fuel cycle to produce and accumulate the weapon plutonium, NPPs operation and numerous accidents there, unauthorized burial of radioactive materials in different water areas of the World ocean, discharge of highly radioactive wastes from surface vessels and submarines equipped with nuclear power facilities.New approaches, methods and devices developed in GEOHI for separation, concentration and determination of radionuclides in different environmental objects are discussed. Information about distribution, existing forms and dynamic of 90Sr, 137Cs, 239Pu and 241Am radionuclides migration in above-ground and water ecosystems locating within the exposure area of 'Mayak'. Radionuclides fractionation according to sizes and charge of colloid particles, organic substances group was conducted