Dynamics of accumulation of 137Cs in milk of cows in private households of contaminated areas near rivers and approaches to the problem solution

Dynamics of accumulation of Cs137 in cow milk in private households of contaminated areas during grazing period and the use of natural feed lands near rivers, as well as results of agrochemical and radiobiological research of inundation meadows in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are shown. A tendency of milk yield reduction, especially in the second half of pasture period, due to reduction of inundation meadows productivity and their grasses quality, as well as uneven character of their contamination by Cs137, is established. The reduction is determined not only by the density of contamination, but also by the moisture level of alluvial soddy soils. The following main approaches to the solution of the problem depending on the given situation, taking into account the peculiarities of each settlement, are developed: complete exception of use of inundation meadows as haymaking and pastures and creation of fodder grounds on automorphic soils with entering of optimum doses of phosphoric and potash fertilizers; partial exception from use of separate plots of inundation meadows as fodder grounds: creation of the improved haymaking on suitable, but removed from settlements plots of automorphic soils and carrying out of superficial improvement of pastures on suitable on ecological restrictions and radioactive pollution of bottom land area; in the absence of possibility of creation of fodder grounds on automorphic soils it is necessary to use the least polluted by radionuclides areas of inundated meadows with the subsequent carrying out of superficial improvement