Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils in the Republic of Macedonia

The distribution of various elements in soils in the Republic of Macedonia was analyzed in terms of air pollution with heavy metals carried out for more than 10 years within the European moss bio monitoring programme of air pollution in Europe. In 2010 in parallel to moss sampling, on the same locations, soil samples were al-so collected using a network of 72 locations all over the country. In total of 144 samples (top and bottom soil) were collected and 18 elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni,P, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Both, top and bottom soil samples were analyzed to identify possible anthropogenic influences and to assess whether the metal content is associated with anthropogenic sources or it is a result of lithology. The obtained data were statistically processed and distribution maps for all analyzed elements were prepared. The results are compared with international standards for soil and with the locations of the industry. The analysis generally indicates a connection with the lithological appearances, but also shows a possible association with certain industrial activities.(author)