Orbital evolution of the inner solar system towards the red giant phase of the Sun: Simultaneous production of axions and neutrinos with a non-zero magnetic dipole moment

We describe how the simultaneous production of axions and neutrinos with a nonzero magnetic dipole moment enlarge the solar radius and luminosity during the red and asymptotic giant phases and affect the physical state of the planets within the solar system. Numerical simulations were created by coupling the Eggleton stellar evolution code with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm, to calculate the orbital distance of each planet to the Sun and its physical properties. We compare the predictions of canonical stellar evolution against solar models that include an enhanced energy loss within their core induced by the production of axions and neutrinos, considering the current most restrictive limits for the coupling constant between axions and electrons and the magnetic dipole moment of neutrinos (α _a = 0.5 * 10⁻²⁶, μ_ν = 2.2 × 10^-12 μ _Β). The enhanced energy loss accelerates the expansion rate of the solar giant and ensuring that all the planets up to Mars become engulfed, at an earlier age than what is predicted by standard physics. Along with the increment of the solar radius, the solar bolometric luminosity could be up to 30% stronger, affecting the physical conditions of the remaining planets. (paper)