Optical and functional properties of hydrothermally synthesized tetragonal Ba_0.4Cu_0.6−xLa_xTiO₃ (x = 0.2–0.6) nanoparticles

Ba_0.4Cu_0.6−xLa_xTiO₃ (x = 0.2, 0.4 & 0.6) (BCLT) nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern established the existence of tetragonal phases. The nanospheres were observed in the surface morphology of present materials using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical properties were investigated to confirm the presence of metal oxide bonds as well as the optical band-gap energy of BCLT nanoparticles. The dielectric and impedance parameters were studied as a function of frequency and composition. The Cole-Cole plots were drawn to understand the microstructure and electrical conduction mechanism. In addition, the ferroelectric nature was carried out with the help of polarization versus electric field (P-E) loop tracer. (paper)