On the methods for phlebographic examination of the kidneys and approaches to its realization

An analysis of 456 phlebographic studies in 400 patients, employing retrograde phlebography, pharmacophlebography and obturative phlebography, has been performed. A need for investigation of the venous drainage character from the kedney, as well as of its main trunk macrostructure, have been indicative of retrograde phlebography. Pharmacophlebography was used for studying anatomy of the organ venous network. Obturative metods were employed if the attempts of selective probing of the renal vein and the arterial system of a patient were abortive. Renal phlebography, performed by means of transcutaneous puncture of the organ is recommended in suspected renal venous thrombosis with vascular obstruction