Non-universal Casimir effect in saturated superfluid ⁴He films at T_λ

Measurements of Casimir effects in ⁴He films in the vicinity of the bulk superfluid transition temperature T_λ have been carried out, where changes in the film thickness and the superfluid density are both monitored as a function of temperature. The Kosterlitz-Thouless superfluid onset temperature in the film is found to occur just as the Casimir dip in the film thickness from critical fluctuations becomes evident. Additionally, a new film-thickening effect is observed precisely at T_λ when the temperature is swept extremely slowly. We propose that this is a non-universal Casimir effect arising from the viscous suppression of second sound modes in the film