Parameters affecting morphologies and efficiencies of mesoporous perovskite solar cells

The mesoporous perovskite morphologies and optical and electronic properties are influenced by many parameters with which the device performance could be affected. Firstly, the working temperature can be mentioned. Secondly the substrate temperature which combined with spin coated speed could permit to load perovskite inside the mesoporous independent to working temperature. And other factor as the methyl ammonium iodide (CH₃NH₃I) solution concentration could be temperature dependent on the lead iodide, means the reaction is most probable done when the concentration increase with the increasing temperature, whereas the reaction between lead iodide and methyl ammonium can be decrease with lead iodide thickness. It is most probable that the solution concentration also has a significant effect on the morphology of the perovskite that is confined in the pores of the mesoporous TiO₂. It is most probable also the spin coating speed has added at this decreasing, meaning the large size of crystal decreased the transformation lead iodide to Perovskite. Andhere it will try to explain thickness of capping layer can improve the short-circuit photocurrent (J_sc) but this enhancement decrease with high working temperature. (paper)