Ecological aspects and prospects for the application of alternative fuels in the transportation sector of The republic of Tajikistan

This article presents the results of an experimental study of prospects for the use of alternative fuels in the transport sector of the Republic of Tajikistan. The study of the relief of the transport roads of the Republic of Tajikistan showed that more than 80% of highways are located at an altitude of 800 to 3000 meters and above from sea level. As a result of research and study of processes of converting fuel into energy, as well as mechanical movement of transport, it has been revealed that in mountainous regions, due to a decrease of oxygen content in the air, fuel consumption is 150% or more of the standard. It has been established that this anomalous process occurs due to lack of oxygen during fuel combustion. It is known that classic automobile fuel contains hydrocarbons. Taking this into account, a new method of obtaining of alternative fuels based on wastes of wine-vodka and oil-fat industry of the Republic of Tajikistan has been developed. The essence of this method is to obtain lipids by means of hot extraction in order to obtain glycerides and free organic acids. The obtained product is purified from accompanying components using a special technology. Glycerides and free acids are converted into their esters using the acidolysis and alcoholysis method. The obtained esters are the main components of bio diesel. The obtained bio diesel is modernized according to the relief and climate of geographical zones of highways of the Republic of Tajikistan. The revealed calorific properties and material balance of the combustion reaction showed that this fuel can be used in the future as diesel fuel in the transport sector of the Republic of Tajikistan. During the study of ecological aspects, it has been determined that when the obtained fuel is burned, 30% less greenhouse gases are emitted. It has been also revealed that in the case of using this alternative fuels in mountainous conditions, fuel consumption decreases due to the bound oxygen in the fuel composition. (author)