Controlling the transition between Turing and antispiral patterns by using time-delayed-feedback

The controllable transition between Turing and antispiral patterns is studied by using a time-delayed-feedback strategy in a FitzHugh—Nagumo model. We treat the time delay as a perturbation and analyse the effect of the time delay on the Turing and Hopf instabilities near the Turing-Hopf codimension-two phase space. Numerical simulations show that the transition between the Turing patterns (hexagon, stripe, and honeycomb), the dual-mode antispiral, and the antispiral by applying appropriate feedback parameters. The dual-mode antispiral pattern originates from the competition between the Turing and Hopf instabilities. Our results have shown the flexibility of the time delay on controlling the pattern formations near the Turing-Hopf codimension-two phase space. (electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid dynamics)