In vitro and in vivo selection of soybean mutant lines on medium containing aluminium

The main limiting factors of soybean plants expansion in acid soil are Al toxicity and low pH. The best approach to solve this problem is use of Al tolerance variety. In vitro and in vivo selection using selective agent and induced callus embryonic of mutant lines are reliable methods to be developed to create new variety. The aim of this research were to evaluate inhibitory effect of Aluminum concentration (0; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and 15 mg.1^-1(ppm) at pH 4.0 on five mutant lines (G1-G5) and three varieties: Tanggamus (Al-toleran), Rajabasa (Al-middle tolerant) and Lumut (Al-sensitive) variety of soybean under in vitro and in vivo condition. It was decided to concentration 15 ppm Al since it severely affective in the in vitro and in vivo response on the explants. In all experiments tolerant mutant lines on Al stress was determined by Aluminum sensitivity index value (S) on observed parameters. Evaluation of response of soybean callus and seedling from some mutant lines and three varieties on the media selection AlCl₃ under in vitro culture showed that frequency of tolerance callus of G1 and G2 mutant lines on the medium selection of 15 ppm Al were 3 and 2 times respectively, higher than that of cultivar Tanggamus which has frequency of tolerance 20%. The frequency of tolerances seedling of G5 and G4 on the medium selection of 15 ppm Al, 4 and 2 times respectively higher than that of Tanggamus. Evaluation of response inhibitory effect of Aluminum using sterilized coco peat medium on soybean mutant lines was conducted under in vivo condition. The soybean mutant lines and three varieties with 7 to 60 days old were watered by nutrition solution containing half-strength modified MS, with 0; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and 15 ppm Al. The results showed that the performance of mutant lines G3 and G4 derived from 15 ppm Al were better and more tolerant than that of Tanggamus based on number of dry pod and dry seed weigh. The results of response inhibitory effect of Aluminum using acid soil medium on soybean mutant lines showed that the performance mutant lines was better than that of Tanggamus. G4 mutant line was more tolerant than Tanggamus based on dry seed weight and number of pod. (author)