Characterization of part of the toxic effects due to alpha irradiation and to the physico-chemical properties of some actinides. An in vitro study on the alveolar macrophage
Description
The aim of this work was to characterize the specific effects due to radiotoxicity of α irradiation and the chemical toxicity of actinides. This was performed on alveolar macrophages extracted from rats and primates by pulmonary lavage. This was done by an in vitro study using either α irradiation from electrodeposited sources, or soluble actinides and lanthanides added to the culture medium. Necrosis and apoptosis induction were quantified after vital staining. For each treatment, cells were studied 1 or 7 days after plating. After either α irradiation or exposure to elements, the main route of death induced was apoptosis. After α irradiation, alveolar macrophages are very radioresistant cells. The observed D0 was between 30 and 100 Gy, depending on the species studied and the time in culture at exposure. In fact, alveolar macrophages irradiated after 1 week in culture have show less radioresistance than those treated after 1 day. The chemical toxicity of Uranium and Neptunium was independent both of time in culture at exposure and the animal species. The threshold we observed were respectively at 5 10-4 and 3 10-6 M. Moreover, within the concentrations studied, Thorium have not shown any toxicity towards alveolar macrophages. 1 day after plating macrophages, lanthanides exerts a higher chemical toxicity than actinides (threshold : 5 10-6 M, Gadolinium, 5 10-5 M, Cerium). These toxicities decreases more than 10 times after exposure 7 days after plating or for primates cells. This phenomenon seems to be due to cell harvesting and/or to cell adaptation to culture. Preliminary results show an impairment of cytokines production, which could be specific of the toxic studied. This was observed at concentrations which appeared non toxic as regards to apoptosis induction. The use of primates alveolar macrophages allow us to extrapolate some of the obtained results to Human. (author)
Abstract (French)
Ce travail a consiste en la dissociation des effets specifiques lies a la toxicite de l'irradiation α et a la toxicite chimique des oxydes d'actinides sur les macrophages alveolaires de rats et de primates. Dans ce but, une approche in vitro a ete menee, utilisant des particules α issues de sources electrodeposees et l'ajout d'actinides et de lanthanides sous forme soluble au milieu de culture. La toxicite a ete evaluee par la mesure de l'induction d'apoptose et de necrose a l'aide de colorations vitales, pour des cellules exposees apres 1 ou 7 jours de culture. Quel que soit le traitement, la mort cellulaire preponderante est de type apoptotique. Les resultats obtenus apres irradiation α montrent une grande radioresistance des macrophages alveolaires. La D0 obtenue est comprise entre 30 et 100 Gy, selon l'espece et le temps de culture etudie. Les macrophages alveolaires irradies apres 7 jours en culture sont plus sensibles que ceux exposes apres 1 jour. La toxicite chimique de l'Uranium et du Neptunium ne depend ni du temps de culture, ni de l'espece. Les seuils de concentrations toxiques sont respectivement de 5 10-4 et 3 10-6 M. Par contre, dans la gamme de concentrations etudiee, aucune toxicite du Thorium n'a ete mise en evidence. La toxicite chimique des lanthanides est tres elevee pour les macrophages alveolaires de rats 1 jour apres mise en culture (seuil: 5 10-6 M, Gadolinium, 5 10-5 M, Cerium), mais elle diminue de plus d'un facteur 10 pour des cellules exposees apres 7 jours de culture ou pour les macrophages de primates. Ceci semblerait etre lie a l'isolement des cellules et/ou l'adaptation a la culture cellulaire. Des resultats preliminaires montrent une alteration du profil de secretion des cytokines pouvant etre specifique du toxique etudie. Ce phenomene est observe a des niveaux d'exposition n'induisant aucune mort cellulaire. L'utilisation de cellules extraites de primates a permis d'envisager une extrapolation des resultats obtenus a l'HommeFiles
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Original title (French)
- Caracterisation de la part des effets toxiques lies a l'irradiation alpha et aux proprietes physico-chimiques de certains actinides. Etude in vitro sur le macrophage alveolaire
Identifiers
Publishing Information
- Imprint Pagination
- 187 p.
- Report number
- FRCEA-TH--6954
INIS
- Country of Publication
- France
- Country of Input or Organization
- France
- INIS RN
- 47078102
- Subject category
- S63: RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS;
- Resource subtype / Literary indicator
- Thesis
- Descriptors DEI
- ACTINIDES; APOPTOSIS; EXTRAPOLATION; IN VITRO; LYMPHOKINES; MACROPHAGES; NECROSIS; RADIOSENSITIVITY; RARE EARTHS; TOXICITY
- Descriptors DEC
- ANIMAL CELLS; CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS; ELEMENTS; GROWTH FACTORS; MATHEMATICAL SOLUTIONS; METALS; MITOGENS; NUMERICAL SOLUTION; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES; PHAGOCYTES; PROTEINS; SENSITIVITY; SOMATIC CELLS
Optional Information
- Notes
- 110 refs.; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the 'INIS contacts' section of the INIS-NKM website for current contact and E-mail addresses: http://www.iaea.org/inis/Contacts/; Also available from Bibliotheques universitaires Paris Descartes, (France)