Surface grain boundary engineering of Alloy 600 for improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel method for grain boundary engineering in Alloy 600 using iterative cycles of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) and strain annealing to modify the near surface microstructure (~250 µm) for improved stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance. These iterative cycles resulted in increased fraction of special grain boundaries whilst decreasing the connectivity of random grain boundaries in the altered near surface region. A disrupted random grain boundary network and a large fraction of low CSL boundaries (Σ3–Σ27) reduced the propensity to sensitization. Slow strain rate tests in tetrathionate solutions at room temperature show that surface GBE lowered susceptibility to intergranular SCC. Detailed analysis of cracks using Electron Back-scattered Diffraction showed cracks arrested at J1(1-CSL) and J2 (2-CSL) type of triple junctions. The probability for crack arrest, calculated using percolative models, was increased after surface GBE and explains the increase in resistance to SCC.