Abnormally low electron energy and heating-mode transition in a low-pressure argon rf discharge at 13.56 MHz

The electron energy distribution function measured with improved energy resolution revealed a large number (∼90%) of low-energy electrons having an abnormally low electron temperature (T∼0.3 V) resulting in a considerably lower mean electron energy than found in all published probe measurements in argon rf discharges at 13.56 MHz. With increasing gas pressure an abrupt transition to a high-temperature mode was found. The low-temperature mode and the observed transition are attributed to a change from stochastic to collisional electron heating enhanced by the Ramsauer effect