Review: Applications of single-shot laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

As applications for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) become more varied with a greater number of field and industrial LIBS systems developed and as the technique evolves to be more quantitative that qualitative, there is a more significant need for LIBS systems capable of analysis with the use of a single laser shot. In single-shot LIBS, a single laser pulse is used to form a single plasma for spectral analysis. In typical LIBS measurements, multiple laser pulses are formed and collected and an ensemble-averaged method is applied to the spectra. For some applications there is a need for rapid chemical analysis and/or non-destructive measurements; therefore, LIBS is performed using a single laser shot. This article reviews in brief several applications that demonstrate the applicability and need for single-shot LIBS.