The debate on the future of nuclear energy in Germany, France and Sweden: analysis of the complexity of the system of protagonists for each country

The author examines how the nuclear energy policies of 3 countries Germany, Sweden and France have evolved since the Fukushima accident. While in Germany the authorities have accelerated the nuclear phase-out that was implemented 10 years before, in Sweden the authorities have confirmed the repeal of the moratorium on nuclear energy and in France the authorities have decided to reduce the share of nuclear energy in electricity production to make room for renewable energies. These different policies are the result of complex political situations in which anti-nuclear movements, industrial lobbies, civil society and state decentralization have played a role. (A.C.)