Effects of electro-luminescent diodes on human health and on the environment (fauna and flora). Anses opinion. Collective expertise reports

A first document presents the opinion of the ANSES (the French national agency for food, environmental and work health safety) on the effects of systems using electro-luminescent diodes on health safety and on the environment (fauna and flora). It presents the context and scope of the referral, describes the organisation and methodology of the expertise, discusses the analysis and conclusions regarding peculiarities of emitted light, regulatory and standard evolutions since 2010 and various health effects, disturbances and risks related to exposure to LED light (photo-toxicity, circadian rhythm, light temporal modulation), the impact on the environment (hazard for biodiversity, light pollution). Some recommendations are then stated. The second document reports a collective expertise. It presents the context, scope and modalities of this expertise, comments the technological evolutions of LED-based systems and of the regulatory framework, discusses the various effects of lights rich in blue light and of LED systems on health, discusses the characterisation of exposures, the assessment of devices of protection against blue light, the relationship between LED and light pollution, the impact of LEDs on the environment and on biodiversity, and proposes an analysis of LED life cycle.