Three-dimensional movement of a liver tumor detected by high-speed magnetic resonance imaging

Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) movement of a spherical liver tumor during respiration was investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a high-speed sequence.Methods: A marker was placed on the surface of the patient as a reference of distance. Repetition time (TR) was 7.7 ms, echo time (TE) was 4.2 ms, flip angle was 20, section thickness was 8 mm, and a 256x128 matrix was used. The acquisition time was 1.0 s followed by an interval of 0.5 s. The 20 tumor contours extracted during 30 s were superimposed on sagittal and coronal MR images.Results: The maximum value of tumor edge location was 3.9 cm in the cranio-caudal direction, 2.3 cm in the ventro-dorsal direction, and 3.1 cm in the lateral direction. The mean length of tumor displacement observed was 2.1 cm in the cranio-caudal direction, 0.8 cm in the ventro-dorsal and 0.9 cm in the left-right direction, respectively. The locus of the center of the tumor contour in the sagittal cross section was inclined at 23 and in the coronal cross section was inclined at 18 to the cranio-caudal axis of body.Conclusion: In conclusion, 3D movement of a spherical liver tumor was detected using rapid MRI sequential examinations. Magnetic resonance imaging has a potential to improve the accuracy of the planning target volume of a liver tumor. (Copyright (c) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)