The role of leadership and management in safety

Safety is a secure state, in a condition that is physically, socially, spiritually, financially, politically, emotionally, occupationally, psychologically, or educationally protected and avoided from any threat to such factors. In terms of nuclear science and technology, nuclear safety is defined as the achievement of appropriate operating conditions, accident prevention and accident mitigation, resulting in the protection of workers, communities and the environment from unintended radiation hazards. Both definitions emphasize the importance of safety in every activity so as to achieve comfortable conditions with minimal risk for a person in performing their duties. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the GS-R-3 publication published in 2006 has recommended a management system for facilities and activities that, when applied, will ensure no compromise on safety of the facility's operations and activities. This management system can be applied to all operational time of the facility and all activity time in normal, transient and emergency situations. This management system also incorporates aspects of safety with other aspects such as health, environment, security, quality and economy. In view of the importance of this IAEA publication, the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) has adopted it into the Chairman of BATAN Regulation No. 171/KA/VII/2012 on the Management System of the National Nuclear Energy Agency. Taking lessons from the experience that took place after the 2006 recommendation, the IAEA realized that the recommendations need to be refined. Therefore, in 2016 the IAEA publishes GSR Part 2 publications as a new recommendation that supersedes the 2006 recommendations. This latest recommendation emphasizes that leadership for safety, management for safety, integrated management systems and systemic approaches (overall system approach taking into account the interaction between technical, human and organizational factors) are essential in the specification and application of adequate safety measures and fostering culture strong safety. This paper compares the recommended points in an IAEA publication published in 2006 with those published in 2016. Since the changes given in the 2016 publication are significant for safety efforts, it is recommended that the Regulation of BATAN No. 171/KA/VII/2012 be revised by incorporating the recommended new items in the 2016 IAEA publication. (author)