Non-destructive testing

This chapter provide basic knowledge on NDT: non-destructive testing especially the application of NDT technique in various industries. Under the topic titled x- and γ-ray radiography; it cover related topics such as basic principles of the techniques, inspection techniques and the equipment. Radiographic equipment, under this subtopic the following subjects are discussed in detail: x-ray tubes, x-ray tube cooling, tube-head, control panel, generation of x-rays, types of x-ray equipment, crawler equipment, accelerators or betatron, γ-ray sources and containers, the selection of the sources, types of γ-ray projector. Meanwhile for the radiographic auxiliaries, this chapter discussed the following topics: radiographic films, image quality indicator, placement of IQI and radiographic sensitivity. Other subjects also discussed are exposure determination, radiographic techniques, darkroom and the applications of the NDT. The following methods are reviewed under the special topic titled others NDT methods; ultrasonic testing - liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing method, eddy current testing method, and visual inspection