Europe in front of oil-solar challenges

In a first part, the author describes the key points of the hydrocarbon revolution (development of shale gas and oil) which displays a magnitude equal to that of renewable energies, and has its origin as well in American public policies as in the efforts of a new generation of energy companies. The author describes how we passed from a certainty of a depletion of natural resources to an abundance which results in a collapse of oil and gas prices. He discusses the meaning of 'natural resources'. Then, he examines the implications of the role of swing producer which the USA kidnapped to Saudi Arabia. Finally, by relating these both revolutions (that of renewable energies and that of new hydrocarbons), he draws lessons of the geopolitics of the emerging oil-solar era.