Application of evaporation cryostats to experiments in solid state physics

Three examples of evaporation (or gas flow) cryogenic systems which have been constructed for experiments in solid state physics in the 5 - 320 K range are described. The systems were: (1) A variable temperature insert for an ESCA-apparatus, which had to be compatible with UHV-conditions and is designed like a helium-transfer line, 1.20 m in length. (2) An 'open' liquid helium set up, to cool the sample, which is placed on a 4-circle X-ray diffractometer by directly blowing a cold gas stream onto the specimen. (3) A gas flow cryostat-insert for susceptibility-measurements of samples, irradiated inside a large, combined liquid-neon-helium cryostat. (UK)