Second generation methods for human reliability analysis. ATHEANA analysis

The paper describes the principles and status of development of 2nd generation methods for human reliability analysis, which concentrate on the contextual elements that can trigger cognitive mechanisms of error resulting in hazardous operator interventions. The ATHEANA (A Technique for Human Error ANAlysis) model of 1996 was the outcome of the first major efforts. CREAM (Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method), developed by Hollnagel, is another important tool. The paper describes both the first and revised versions of ATHEANA. (author)