Facile synthesis of ammonium vanadate nanofibers by using reflux in aqueous V₂O₅ solution with ammonium persulfate

Ammonium vanadate nanofibers were synthesized by simple reflux method in aqueous V₂O₅ solution with ammonium persulfate without relying on surfactants, catalysts, harmful solvents and autoclave. The degree of intercalation by cationic ammonium ions into the crystal structure of vanadium oxide along with its change in chemical composition were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR). The morphological changes toward nanofiber structure, having diameter of 20–30 nm and a few μm length, were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of synthetic conditions, such as reaction time and concentration of sulfate (SO₄^2-), on the crystal structures and morphologies of the resulting products have investigated. As a result, the ammonium vanadate nanofiber was formed in a short reaction time through a simple reflux method and yielded comparable electrical conductivity 1.47 × 10^-2 S/cm. - Highlights: • Ammonium vanadate nanofiber (AVFr) was prepared by simple reflux method. • AVFr yielded comparable electrical conductivity 1.47 × 10^-2 S/cm. • The electrical conductivity was improved by the increased amount of ammonium ion. • Sulfate ions (SO₄^2-) play a crucial role in controlling the morphology of nanofiber.