Highly charged ions of heavy actinides as sensitive probes for time variation of the fine-structure constant

Highly charged ions of heavy actinides from uranium to einsteinium are studied theoretically to find optical transitions sensitive to the variation of the fine-structure constant. A number of promising transitions have been found in ions with ionization degree $\sim$ 10. All these transitions correspond in single-electron approximation to the $6p-5f$ transitions. Many of the transitions are between ground and excited metastable states of the ions, which means that they can probably be used as optical clock transitions. Some of the ions have more than one clock transition with different sensitivity to the variation of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$. The most promising systems include the ${\mathrm{Np}}^{10+}$, ${\mathrm{Np}}^{9+}$, ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{11+}$, ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{10+}$, ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{9+}$, ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{8+}$, ${\mathrm{Bk}}^{15+}$, ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{12+}$, and ${\mathrm{Es}}^{15+}$ ions.