Published March 1962
| Version v1
Book
Solubility of metallic mercury in organic solvents
Creators
- 1. Institute for Atomic Research and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (United States)
Description
The solubilities of metallic mercury at 25oC in the solvents carbon tetrachloride, 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane, n-decane, benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene have been determined by the use of Hg203 tracer. Measurements were made either by shaking mercury metal of known specific activity with the solvent, or by measuring the distribution coefficient of the metal between the solvent and water and combining this measurement with the solubility of mercury in water, or by both methods. Radioactivity was measured by counting precipitated samples with a GM counter or liquid aliquots with a well-type scintillator counter. All solubilities were in the range (4.6 to 16) x 10-6 g atoms/l. For n-decane, toluene and chlorobenzene, the temperature dependence of the solubility was determined over the range 0 to 45oC. The Hildebrand-Scott theory of solubility has been applied to these systems for comparison. For the aliphatic hydrocarbons, the solubilities predicted by theory are within 35% of those observed, but for the other solvents, the predicted values are 4 to 18 times larger than those observed. Modification of the theory gives better agreement for some solvents but poorer agreement for others. Curves of log G (solubility) vs. 1/T were straight lines with slopes similar to those obtained from the Hildebrand-Scott theory but displaced from those curves. The slopes of the curves were used for the calculation of heats and entropies of solution. Entropies were also calculated from curves of log G vs. log T. The two sets of entropy values were in agreement with each other and were within one to four entropy units of the ideal entropies of mixing. (author)
Abstract (French)
Les auteurs ont determine la solubilite du mercure metallique a 25oC dans les solvants suivants: tetrachlorure de carbone, trimethylpentane 2, 2, 4, n-decane, benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene et bromobenzene en utilisant le mercure-203 comme radioindicateur. Ils ont fait les mesures soit en melangeant du mercure metallique d'une activite specifique connue avec le solvant et en agitant, soit en mesurant le le coefficient de distribution du metal entre le solvant et l'eau et en combinant cette mesure avec la solubilite du mercure dans l'eau, soit en employant simultanement les deux methodes. Ils ont mesure la radioactivite en comptant soit des echantillons de precipite avec un compteur de Geiger-Muller, soit des liquides aliquotes avec un compteur a scintillations a puits. Toutes les valeurs de solubilite etaient comprises entre 4,6 x 10-6 et 16 x 10-6 atomes g/l. Pour le n-decane, le toluene et le chlorobenzene, ils ont determine l'influence de la temperature sur la solubilite, de 0 a 45oC. Ils ont applique a ces systemes la theorie de Hildebrand-Scott sur la solubilite, a des fins de comparaison. Pour les hydrocarbures aliphatiques, les valeurs de la solubilite prevues par la theorie sont egales a 35 % des valeurs observees ; en revanche, pour d'autres solvants les valeurs predites sont 4 a 18 fois plus elevees que les valeurs observees. En modifiant la theorie, on obtient une meilleure concordance pour certains solvants, mais la concordance est moins bonne pour d'autres. Les courbes de log C en fonction de 1/T (C etant la solubilite) sont des droites dont la pente est la meme que celle des droites obtenues par la theorie de Hildebrand-Scott, mais deplacees par rapport a celles-ci. Les auteurs ont utilise les pentes des courbes pour calculer les quantites de chaleur et d'entropie de la solution; ils ont egalement calcule les quantites d'entropie a partie des courbes de log C en fonction de log T. Les deux series de quantites d'entropie concordent l'une avec l'autre et different de une a quatre unites d'entropie de la quantite d'entropie ideale du melange. (author)Abstract (Spanish)
Usando 203Hg como trazador, los autores han determinado la solubilidad del mercurio metalico, a 25 oC, en los siguientes solventes: tetracloruro de carbono; 2,2,4-trimetilpentano; n-decano; benceno; tolueno; nitrobenceno, clorobenceno y bromobenceno. Las mediciones se efectuaron sea agitando mercurio metalico de actividad especifica conocida con el solvente, sea determinando el coeficiente de distribucion del metal entre el solvente y el agua y combinando esta determinacion con la de la solubilidad del mercurio en agua, sea aplicando los dos metodos sucesivamente. La radiactividad se determino recontando las muestras del precipitado con un contador Geiger-Mueller, o recontando partes alicuotas del liquido con un contador de centelleo del tipo de pozo. Los valores de la solubilidad resultaron del orden de 4,6 a 16 x 10-6 atomos g/l. En el caso del n-decano, del tolueno y del clorobenceno, se determino la relacion de dependencia entre la solubilidad y la temperatura desde 0 hasta 45 oC. Para comparar los resultados se aplico a estos sistemas la teoria de la solubilidad de Hildebrand-Scott. En el caso de los hidrocarburos alifaticos, los valores de la solubilidad calculados teoricamente no se alejan mas de un 35% de los observados, pero para los otros solventes los valores teoricos son de 4 a 18 veces mayores que los observados. Modificando la teoria se obtiene una concordancia mayor para unos solventes y menor para otros. (author)Abstract (Russian)
Opredelyalas' rastvorimost' metallicheskoj rtuti pri temperature 25oC s pomoshch'yu indikatora Hg203 v rastvoritelyakh chetyrekhkhloristogo ugleroda, 2,2,4-trimetilpentana, i-dekana, benzola, toluola, nitrobenzola, khlorbenzola i brombenzola. Izmereniya osushchestvlyalis' libo putem vzbaltyvaniya metallicheskoj rtuti izvestnoj udel'noj aktivnosti s rastvoritelem, libo izmereniem koehffitsienta raspredeleniya metalla mezhdu rastvoritelem i vodoj i obedineniem ehtogo izmereniya s rastvorimost'yu rtuti v vode ili i tem i drugim metodom. Radioaktivnost' izmeryalas' podschetom osazhdennykh obraztsov schetchikom Gejgera-Myullera ili zhidkikh rassloenij stsintillyatsionnym schetchikom tipa kolodtsa. Vse rastvorimosti byli poryadka (4,6 do 16) x 10-6 gramm-atomov/l. Temperaturnaya zavisimost' rastvorimosti dlya n-dekana, toluola i khlorbenzola opredelyalas' poryadkom ot 0 do 45oC. Dlya sravneniya k ehtim sistemam primenyalas' teoriya rastvorimosti KHil'debranda-Skotta. Dlya uglevodorodov alifaticheskogo ryada predskazannye teoriej rastvorimosti sostavlyayut 35% tekh, kotorye udalos' nablyudat', no dlya drugikh rastvoritelej predskazannye velichiny yavlyayutsya v 4 - 18 raz bol'she tekh, kotorye prishlos' nablyudat'. Izmenenie teorii daet luchshee soglasovanie dlya odnikh rastvoritelej i khudshee dlya drugikh. Krivye log C (rastvorimost') protiv 1/T byli pryamymi liniyami s naklonami, kotorye skhodny s naklonami teorii KHil'debranda-Skotta, no so smeshcheniem ot ehtikh krivykh. Naklony krivykh ispol'zovalis' dlya vychisleniya tepla i ehntropii rastvora, a ehntropii takzhe vychislyalis' iz krivykh log C protiv log T. Dve serii znachenij ehntropii soglasovyvalis' drug s drugom, a takzhe nakhodilis' v predelakh ot odnogo do chetyrekh edinits ehntropii nailuchshego smesheniya ehntropii. (author)Additional details
Additional titles
- Original title (English)
- Solubilite du mercure metallique dans les solvants organiques; Rastvorimost' metallicheskoj rtuti v organicheskikh rastvoritelyakh; Solubilidad del mercurio metalico en solventes organicos
Publishing Information
- Publisher
- Globus, Druck- und Verlagsanstalt
- Imprint Place
- Vienna (International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA))
- Imprint Title
- Radioisotopes in the Physical Sciences and Industry. Proceedings of the Conference on the Use of Radioisotopes in the Physical Sciences and Industry. V. III
- Imprint Pagination
- 652 p.
- Series
- Proceedings Series
- Journal Page Range
- p. 517-529
- ISSN
- 0074-1884
Conference
- Title
- Conference on the Use of Radioisotopes in the Physical Sciences and Industry
- Dates
- 6-17 Sep 1960
- Place
- Copenhagen (Denmark)
INIS
- Country of Publication
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Country of Input or Organization
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- INIS RN
- 43113044
- Subject category
- S07: ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES;
- Resource subtype / Literary indicator
- Conference
- Descriptors DEI
- BENZENE; CARBON TETRACHLORIDE; DECANE; DISTRIBUTION; ENTROPY; LIQUIDS; MERCURY; MERCURY 203; NITROBENZENE; ORGANIC SOLVENTS; RADIOACTIVITY; SOLUBILITY; SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; TOLUENE; WATER
- Descriptors DEC
- ALKANES; ALKYLATED AROMATICS; AROMATICS; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS; DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; DISPERSIONS; ELEMENTS; EVEN-ODD NUCLEI; FLUIDS; HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS; HEAVY NUCLEI; HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES; HYDROCARBONS; HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS; ISOTOPES; MERCURY ISOTOPES; METALS; MIXTURES; NITRO COMPOUNDS; NONAQUEOUS SOLVENTS; NUCLEI; ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADIOISOTOPES; SOLVENTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Optional Information
- Notes
- 2 figs, 4 tabs, 27 refs
- Secondary number(s)
- STI/PUB--20(Vol.3)