Unraveling the structural, dielectric, magnetodielectric, multiferroic, and magnetic properties of (1 - x)LiNbO${}_3$-xLa${}_{0.9}$Na${}_{0.1}$MnO${}_3$ (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) nanocomposite materials

Multiferroic composites offer promising prospects for low-power multifunctional devices. Here, we report the structural, electrical, dielectric, magnetic, and magnetodielectric properties of the multiferroic composite material (1 - x)LiNbO${}_3$-xLa${}_{0.9}$Na${}_{0.1}$MnO${}_3$ (where x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3). Ferroelectric and magnetic phases were synthesized using citrate gel method and the conventional solid-state reaction method was used for the preparation of multiferroic composite material with different mixing percentage values of x. X-ray diffraction was used to confirm the crystalline purity and the crystal structure of the material. The microstructural and elemental composition analyses were done by FE-SEM, X-ray photon spectroscopic (XPS), and EDAX techniques. Dielectric studies and impedance analysis imply the dynamic behavior of charge carriers inside the composites. The maximum value of dielectric constant (5000) was obtained at x = 0.3 for xLa${}_{0.9}$Na${}_{0.1}$MnO${}_3$ phase. From impedance analysis method, the equivalent circuit of (1 - x)LiNbO${}_3$-xLa${}_{0.9}$Na${}_{0.1}$MnO${}_3$ (where x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) composite was found out. The P-E hysteresis loop reveals the ferroelectric nature of the composite. Sample with x = 0.1 of xLa${}_{0.9}$Na${}_{0.1}$MnO${}_3$ phase gives the highest values for maximum polarization and remnant polarization. The enhanced magnetic properties of the composite material were substantiated with M-H hysteresis loop measurements. The magnetodielectric and magnetoelectric coupling measurements revealed the presence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic coupling nature of the composite material. From all these analyses, the multiferroic composites with the composition x = 0.3(La${}_{0.9}$Na${}_{0.1}$MnO${}_3$) yields the maximum ferroelectric and magnetic coupling behavior. So, this composite material has wide applications in multifunctional nano devices.