Dust acoustic waves in plasma with variable dust charge, nonthermal ions and trapped electrons

A fluid model of unmagnetized dusty plasma containing dust particles with variation of charge, nonisothermal electrons and nonthermal ions, is considered. Non perturbative approach is applied to study the large amplitude dust acoustic solitary waves. Solutions of small amplitude waves are obtained under different approximations by deriving the intermediate integral forms of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations from the Sagdeev potential equation. Spiky and Explosive modes of solitary waves as well as double layers are found to exist. The parametersα, β, M, σ, and µ, representing the population of nonthermal ions, ratio of free and trapped electron's temperatures, wave Mach number, temperature ratio of ion and free electrons, and the density ratio respectively, are found to play a very important role in the formation of solitary waves. (author)