Systemic treatment of high-grade gliomas relapse or progression

High-grade gliomas are malignant, highly progressive malignant tumours of the central nervous system, to which anaplastic gliomas (anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma) and glioblastomas are included. Despite adequate surgical treatment and subsequent adjuvant radiotherapy, chemo-radiotherapy and chemotherapy, a proportion of patients will relapse. The prognosis of patients with relapsed high-grade gliomas is exceptionally unfavorable with a median survival of less than a year. The objective of this review is mostly to analyse the current alternatives of high-grade gliomas relapse or progression systemic treatment. (author)