Urban transport environmental sustainability in the cities of the South. 'Transport - Land Use' couple in the heart of urban structuring processes

The objective of this PhD dissertation is to explore if, in view of rapid demographic growth and limited financial capacities, the technologies accessible to poor cities can decrease trajectories of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions due to urban transportation. Chapter 1 reviews what we already know of the determinants involved, and their recent evolutions. Chapter 2 analyzes conceivable transport and land-use solutions that would allow southern cities to attain sustainable development trajectories. The conclusions drawn from the first two chapters led us to analyze the interactions between the transport system and land-use system on a particular city, Bogota (Colombia). Chapter 3 studies the functional relations in the 'Transport - Land Use' couple and its impact on urban space structuring processes in the long term, from the foundation of Bogota to the end of the 20. century. Chapter 4 focus on the impact of a new transportation infrastructure - the TransMilenio Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) - on real-estate and housing markets, on urban structure and the Origin- Destination trip matrix. Chapter 5 reviews the existing prospective tools able to simulate various combinations of realistic policies, and to measure their consequences on the levels of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions related to urban transportation. The integrated urban 'Transport - Land Use' model, TRANUS, is chosen and completed with a module of of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions quantification, called 'Energy Signature of Urban Transportation' (SETU). Chapter 6 tests the capacity of these combinations of policies to affect the trajectories of the energy consumption of urban transportation through the application of TRANUS-SETU on a case study, Bangalore (India). (author)