TORE SUPRA graphite inner first wall

TORE SUPRA is a fairly large tokamak and has an original goal to withstand a large power removal (25 MW) during a 30 seconds long pulse. One of the main energy removal system's is the inner first wall which was originally designed for the following aims: protect the inner side of the vacuum vessel from normal plasma operation (participates to the plasma power removal) and against disruptive events (plasma energy quench and current decay); act as a toroidal belt limiter during steady state operation and plasma start up; and protect the vacuum vessel from the shine through of the neutral beam injectors and act as a beam dump for short shots. In order to match those different goals the design choice was oriented towards an actively cooled graphite wall capable to sustain an 1 MW/m2 continuous heat flux. This paper discusses this design concept further