Lead-free ZnSnO₃/MWCNTs-based self-poled flexible hybrid nanogenerator for piezoelectric power generation

A high-performance flexible piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) based on lead-free perovskite zinc stannate (ZnSnO₃) nanocubes and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as supplement filling material is demonstrated. Even without any electrical poling treatment, the HNG possesses an open-circuit voltage of 40 V and a short-circuit current of 0.4 μA, respectively, under repeated human finger impact. It has been demonstrated that the output volume power density of 10.8 μW cm⁻³ from a HNG can drive several colour light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a charge capacitor that powers up a calculator, indicating an effective means of energy harvesting power source with high energy conversion efficiency (∼1.17%) for portable electronic devices. (paper)