Dosimetry: new approaches

New and improved high-dose dosimetry systems and applications have been introduced for beam mapping, radiation damage studies and processing applications. These include: Better reference and transfer standards; more accurate calorimeters; alanine (ESR analysis) with greater precision and wider dose ranges; several solid polymeric dosimeters, including new Nylon, GafChromicTM, and other plastic films. The latter are commercially available in large quantities and are relatively inexpensive for use over the absorbed dose ranges encountered in radiation processing (101 - 105 Gy). Some are especially useful for dose monitoring in particle beams incident in heterogeneous absorbers and at interfaces where high-resolution, two-and three-dimensional imaging of dose distributions is required. Others are used for routine radiation damage detection, as visual indicators. (Author)