Study of the vicinity of the unidentified source HESS J1745-303 with the LAT instrument aboard the Fermi satellite

The LAT is the main instrument onboard the Fermi space telescope and performs unprecedented observations of the γ-ray sky between 20 MeV and more than 300 GeV. The number of γ-ray sources detected has grown thanks to its high sensibility. A large part of these sources has no known counterpart and a multi-wavelength study is needed in order to understand the origin of the observed signal. This thesis presents a morphological and spectral detailed study of the unidentified source HESS J1745-303, which was discovered in γ-rays in 2006 with the H.E.S.S. experiment, using the Fermi-LAT data. Two point-like sources, located near HESS J1745-303, are included in the Fermi Large Area Telescope Second Source Catalog (2FGL) but, due to the complexity of this region, a dedicated study of the LAT data is however needed. Indeed, its location is ∼1 deg. away from the Galactic Center source and less than 0.5 deg. from the Mouse pulsar, the two brightest γ-ray sources in this region. The astrophysical emission processes are then detailed. We develop an extensive code which allowed us to study the origin of the HE (High Energy) and VHE (Very-High Energy) γ-ray emissions detected by the LAT and H.E.S.S. The emission of this source is indeed still enigmatic and we perform a multi-wavelength study to try to constrain the emission modeling. (author)