Review of physical diagnostic techniques in medicine and biology: technical progress and future requirements

The paper aims to introduce the reader to the wide array of diagnostic devices, based on physical processes, which are now available or under development, and also to indicate aspects which require further technical development or even a new approach to design and construction. Recent technological progress has led to the availability in developed countries of many diagnostic techniques, e.g. X-ray and NMR imaging, positron emission imaging, thermography. The technical basis of a number of these methods is described with emphasis on the nature of the information which may be obtained. Many of the newest devices involve high capital and running costs, and require well-qualified technical support. The need for low cost, robust devices is discussed with particular reference to the UK Health Service and the needs of developing countries. (author)