Optical properties of Ti, Zr, and Hf from 0.15 to 30 eV

The absorptivity or reflectivity of polycrystalline samples of Ti, Zr, and Hf was measured from 0.15 to approximately 30 eV. The data were Kramers-Kronig analyzed to determine the dielectric functions. Between approximately 0.2 and approximately 7 eV, each metal showed five structures in the absorptivity and epsilon2. These were interpreted as interband transitions within the d bands. The epsilon2 spectra had minima near 7 eV similar to that observed in the bcc transition metals. Additional structures at higher energy could be related to transitions involving highlying bands and the core levels. The electron-energy-loss functions were calculated and discussed in terms of volume and surface plasmons. These metals, like the other transition metals studied, exhibited two volume and two surface plasmons. (14 fig, 3 tables, 32 references)