Bioinspired synthesis of zinc oxide nano-flowers: A surface enhanced antibacterial and harvesting efficiency

Highlights: • Bioinspired synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers (NFs) via W coagulans • ZnO NFs of size ranging between 360-550 nm. • ZnO NFs exhibited a stronger antibacterial with Gram-positive S.aureus as compare to Gram-negativeP.aeruginosa • ZnO NFs showed harvesting efficiency up to 94% on the account of greater surface area Despite of broad range application, the cost effective, highly stable and reproduceable synthesis of ZnO is needed, especially which can make it biosafe as well. Here, a unique bioinspired synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers (NFs) has been introduced using Withania coagulans extract as reducing agent. Different molar concentrations were assessed to counter the effect of structural, morphological, antibacterial activity and high efficiency of algae harvesting. The UV-spectroscopy authenticates the synthesis of ZnO NFs having Wurtzite hexagonal structure with the size in the range of 360–550 nm. While surface analysis revealed the presence of stabilizing agent like phenolic, amine, etc. on surface of ZnO NFs. These perineum ZnO NFs exhibited a stronger antibacterial with Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus as compare to Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and greater harvesting efficiency up to 94% on the account of greater surface area and unique surface chemistry, thus leading a new horizon of more efficient and effective applications for ethanol production.