Damage to biomolecules and cells by low-energy X-rays and vacuum ultraviolet light

The use of synchrotron radiation in studies of the radiation effects in biomolecules and cells is described. The characteristics of synchrotron radiation useful for such studies are briefly outlined. In the low-energy X-ray region, consideration is given to 1) the topography of absorption of low-energy X-rays, 2) the secondary effects which follow the absorption of low-energy X-rays, 3) the biological response to low-energy X-rays, 4) the medical applications of synchrotron radiation and 5) radiation damage as an unwanted phenomenon. In the vacuum UV region, the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths and the irradiation of biological objects are discussed. (U.K.)