Investigate the effects of salinity and temperature on the surface tension of a electromagnetic water

The surface tension of the water-air interface was measured using the falling drop method under the effect of a 40 nT low-frequency electromagnetic field. It was found that the surface tension decreased proportionally with an increase in the magnetization time. The surface tension decreased for different NaCl concentrations and also for magnetized water at different temperatures. One possible explanation for this is that breaking hydrogen bonds decreases the Helmholtz free energy, which further decreases the surface tension Another explanation is that the Lorentz force can amplify the surface excitation of the ripples, increase the surface pressure at the surface, and thus decrease the surface tension. Statistical analysis showed that our experimental results are significant. (paper)