Nuclear structure explored by heavy ion reactions

Relations between the nuclear structure and the experimentally observed values at nuclear reactions are discussed here focusing especially on the direct nuclear reactions. Starting from the fundamental part of the nuclear reaction theory to describe the characteristics of the angular distributions of the elastic scattering, the recent progress in the direct nuclear reaction theory and the internuclear interaction studies are reviewed. Then it is explained how to 'see' the nuclear structures of unstable nuclei, which are very actively studied recently by nuclear reaction experiments. Concerning the elastic scattering, some comments on Fraunhofer diffraction, nuclear rainbow scattering and optical potentials with macroscopic and microscopic approaches are given. Following the comments on the inelastic scattering, a brief review of the breakup reaction is presented picking up the experimental results of 11Be, which is one of the typical nuclear halo nuclei. It is shown that the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) calculation reproduces the experimental data satisfactorily. It is now possible for CDCC to handle the case where the incident nuclei breakups into three-bodies, although it was limited to two-body case a little ago. (S. Funahashi)