Kaluza–Klein models with spherical compactification: observational constraints and possible examples

We consider Kaluza–Klein models with background matter in the form of a multicomponent perfect fluid. This matter provides spherical compactification of the internal space with an arbitrary number of dimensions. The gravitating source has the dust-like equation of state in the external/our space and an arbitrary equation of state (with the parameter Ω) in the internal space. In the single-component case, tension (Ω = −1/2) is the necessary condition to satisfy both the gravitational tests in the solar system and the thermodynamical observations. In the multicomponent case, we propose two models satisfying both of these observations. One of them also requires tension Ω = −1/2, but the second one is of special interest because it is free of tension, i.e. Ω = 0. To obtain this result, we need to impose certain conditions. (paper)