Determination of uranium in urine: Comparison of ICP-mass spectrometry and delayed neutron assay

Los Alamos analytical chemistry group acquired a VG-Plasmaquad ICP-MS in January, 1986 and have applied the technique to a variety of environmental and bioassay analytical problems. The authors report on their experience with the determination of uranium and its isotopics in urine and compare this new method with their current uranium procedure, delayed neutron activation analysis (DNA) at the Los Alamos Omega West Reactor. The authors have utilized DNA for bioassay samples since 1978. They currently analyze approximately 2000 urine samples annually. Quantitative data on uranium concentrations are obtained by concurrent measurement of urine standards of known uranium content and isotopic ratio. Detection of 0.03 μg of normal U in a 25 mL sample (1 μg/L) can be achieved by the DNA system. The NRC has proposed new urine bioassay standards that might require at least an order of magnitude reduction in the authors current DNA detection limits. The authors have fully optimized the reactor, and can forsee no instrumental improvement. They may be forced to resort to time-consuming chemical separations at greatly increased costs. DNA is a mature technology with little prospect for radical change. ICPMS is still in its infancy, and there are several ideas for obtaining drastic improvements in detection limits. Costs and time per analysis for both methods are equal